soleus down to 10 cm above the Achilles tendon, the place where the fibers form the tendon. To elucidate these findings, Scott and colleagues separated the m. Thompson and Doherty found that the squeezing test gave a positive result when the m. gastrocnemius moved proximally, according to the ankle movement. The Simmonds-Thompson test is an indication for a possible complete rupture, but its mechanism is not completely clear.Ī study by Scott and colleagues used an ultrasound to take dynamic images of the calf of two young adults. Thompson however had noted this effect in 1955. Simmonds described in 1957 how squeezing the calf muscles could test the rupture of the Achilles tendon. The strength of the plantar flexion is markedly reduced.There may be a palpable gap in the tendon, approximately 3-6cm proximal to the insertion into the calcaneus.On careful inspection, with the patient prone and both ankles fully relaxed, the foot on the ruptured side hangs straight down due to the absence of the tendon tone.To be sure that the patient has a complete Achilles tendon rupture, there are three additional clinical signs that may be observed to corroborate the diagnosis :
plantaris and deep toe flexors to also provide plantar flexion even if the Achilles tendon is rupturedVerhaar JAN, van der Linden AJ.Thompson Test video provided by Clinically Relevant If the Achilles tendon is completely ruptured, there will not be any apparent plantar flexion. Squeezing the calf should cause contraction of the Achilles tendon, resulting in plantar flexion. The examiner squeezes the calf muscles, specifically the gastrocnemius - soleus complex, with his hand. Alternatively, the patient could lie prone with his knee flexed to 90°. The patient lies prone with his foot over the end of the table. The goal of this test is to find out if there is a complete tear present in the Achilles tendon. Each collagen fibril is arranged into fascicles, which contain blood vessels and nerve fibers.
The collagen fibers are packed closely together, parallel to the direction of force. They consist of elongated cells, minimal ground substance, and collagen fibers.
Tendons are strong, tough bands of inelastic fibrous connective tissue that connect muscle to bone. The plantaris tendon, when present, lies alongside the heel cord or is somewhat removed from it in its insertion into the medial aspect of the calcaneus.
soleus blend together in the distal portion of the calf and form the tendon of Achilles. Image: Gastrocnemius muscle (highlighted in green) - posterior view plantaris, which arises from the distal lateral portion of the linea aspera soleus, which comes from an inverted U-shaped origin from the posterior aspect of the Tibia, membrana interossea and the head and upper 1/3 of the fibula gastrocnemius, which arises from two heads on the posterior surface of the femur, directly above the two condyles of the femur
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