The present study showed that the duration of the red screen was perceived as longer than was that of the blue screen by male participants. Furthermore, the interaction between color and duration was significant, F(6, 432) = 2.20, p. This ANOVA showed a main effect of color, F(1, 72) = 8.98, p 1000 ms). Reaction times were subjected to ANOVA with duration (400, 504, 635, 800, 1008, 12 ms) and color (red or blue) as a within-subjects factors and sex (male or female) as a between-subjects factor. The reaction times were transformed to a log 10 scale to improve normality. None of the other main effects or interactions was significant.įigure 3 shows the reaction times for judging the duration of the blank screen during the testing phase. Tukey's test revealed that the duration of the red screen was perceived to be longer than that of the blue one at the 1270-ms duration ( p <.
90 and an interaction between duration and color, F(6, 432) = 5.21, p <. Additionally, the ANOVA showed a main effect of duration, F(6, 432) = 673.43, p <. Post hoc analysis (Tukey's test) revealed that the perceived duration of the red screen was longer than that of blue one among men ( p <. We also found a significant interaction between color and sex, F(1, 72) = 9.19, p <. In terms of the proportion of participants, 59 percent of all, 43 percent of female and 76 percent of male participants overestimated the duration of the red screen. 17, indicating that, independent of sex, participants judged the duration of the red screen to be longer than that of the blue screen. The results showed a main effect of color, F(1, 72) = 14.42, p <. We compared the effects of red with those of blue because blue is the most commonly selected color in studies of color's effects upon human behavior and emotions.Īn ANOVA treating duration (400, 504, 635, 800, 1008, 12 ms) and color (red or blue) as within-subjects factors and sex (male or female) as a between-subjects factor was performed on the proportion of “long” responses. Thus, the present study investigated the influence of color on time perception using a temporal bisection procedure that has been well established in the study of interval timing. The results suggested a significant effect of color on perceived rapidity, with participants under the blue condition perceiving the page as downloading faster than participants under the red condition.Īs these studies indicate, the effects of color on time perception are not consistent. 8 investigated the effect of web page color on the perceived rapidity of a download. The results indicated that color did not affect the estimates of time intervals, raising questions about the assumption that “warm” colors are more arousing than are “cool” colors. Caldwell and Jones 7 asked subjects to estimate the passage of 35 s and 45 s in the presence of red, white and blue light using the method of production. However, if red accelerates the passage of subjective time, the duration of the exposure to red should be perceived as longer than that of the exposure to blue. Smets 6 concluded that viewing red accelerated the passage of subjective time compared with viewing blue. Subjects perceived the time interval spent in the presence of red light as shorter than the same time interval spent in the presence of the blue light. After exposure to both colors, subjects were asked to estimate the length of time that each color had been presented. Smets 6 exposed subjects to red and then blue light for 45 s each. However, few studies regarding the effects of color on time perception have been conducted and Smets 6 was the first to suggest a possible relationship between these phenomena.
Accordingly, arousal in the presence of a red light may be associated with distorted perceptions of time. Recent studies have shown that observing emotional expressions affects subjective experiences of time by increasing the level of arousal of the perceiver 3, 4, 5.
#Blue light banner effect on men skin
Jacobs and Hustmyer 2 used galvanic skin response (GSR) as an indicator of skin conductance and found a higher level of conductance when a red screen than when a blue one was presented. The EEG results showed a faster recovery of alpha waves under the blue than under the red condition. Ali 1 directed a red or blue light directly into the eyes of the participant through a projector for 10 min.
These assumptions have been confirmed in studies using physiological measures of excitation and arousal. For example, long-wavelength colors, such as red, are often referred to as exciting, whereas short-wavelength colors, such as blue, are considered relaxing. It is well known that colors affect our behavior and emotions.
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